This approach is questionable because it is well-established that infants of similar weight, length or even weight-for-length can vary substantially in body composition indices (BCIs). Strong associations between growth and neurodevelopment during early childhood have been demonstrated across populations, so much so that, in some comparisons, childhood stunting has been employed as a proxy marker for neurodevelopmental risk. There is robust evidence that the first 1000 days of life are a critical window of both vulnerability and opportunity in the context of growth and neurodevelopment, with pervasive effects on later risk of ill health. Our findings highlight the importance of balancing neurodevelopment and metabolic risk when designing nutritional interventions for young children. Trajectory modeling showed that between 12 and 18 months, negative behavior scores changed by 13.8 points for every standard deviation change in fat accretion. No associations remained significant after adjusting for covariates. Children with positive and negative behavior problems had significantly higher fat% at 24 months (20.62 ± 4.30% vs. ResultsĬhildren with gross motor delays had significantly lower FFM at 18 months (8.01 ± 0.97 kg vs.
Neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed at 24 months on the INTER-NDA (INTERGROWTH-21st Project Neurodevelopment Assessment) ( n = 132). FFM, FM, and fat% were estimated using measured deuterium dilution method. Prospective, observational study nested within the larger Multi-Center Body Composition Reference Study. We examined associations between fat free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) accretion during the first 1000 days of life and neurodevelopment in term-born, low-risk infants from Karachi, Pakistan.
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